Host ecotype generates evolutionary and epidemiological divergence across a pathogen metapopulation.
Identifieur interne : 000074 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000073; suivant : 000075Host ecotype generates evolutionary and epidemiological divergence across a pathogen metapopulation.
Auteurs : Anna-Liisa Laine [Finlande] ; Jeremy J. Burdon [Australie] ; Adnane Nemri [Australie] ; Peter H. Thrall [Australie]Source :
- Proceedings. Biological sciences [ 1471-2954 ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adaptation biologique (MeSH), Basidiomycota (génétique), Basidiomycota (physiologie), Interactions hôte-pathogène (MeSH), Lin (génétique), Lin (microbiologie), Maladies des plantes (génétique), Maladies des plantes (microbiologie), Nouvelle-Galles du Sud (MeSH), Variation génétique (MeSH), Écosystème (MeSH), Écotype (MeSH), Évolution moléculaire (MeSH).
- MESH :
- génétique : Basidiomycota, Lin, Maladies des plantes.
- microbiologie : Lin, Maladies des plantes.
- physiologie : Basidiomycota.
- Adaptation biologique, Interactions hôte-pathogène, Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, Variation génétique, Écosystème, Écotype, Évolution moléculaire.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adaptation, Biological (MeSH), Basidiomycota (genetics), Basidiomycota (physiology), Ecosystem (MeSH), Ecotype (MeSH), Evolution, Molecular (MeSH), Flax (genetics), Flax (microbiology), Genetic Variation (MeSH), Host-Pathogen Interactions (MeSH), New South Wales (MeSH), Plant Diseases (genetics), Plant Diseases (microbiology).
- MESH :
- geographic : New South Wales.
- genetics : Basidiomycota, Flax, Plant Diseases.
- microbiology : Flax, Plant Diseases.
- physiology : Basidiomycota.
- Adaptation, Biological, Ecosystem, Ecotype, Evolution, Molecular, Genetic Variation, Host-Pathogen Interactions.
Abstract
The extent and speed at which pathogens adapt to host resistance varies considerably. This presents a challenge for predicting when--and where--pathogen evolution may occur. While gene flow and spatially heterogeneous environments are recognized to be critical for the evolutionary potential of pathogen populations, we lack an understanding of how the two jointly shape coevolutionary trajectories between hosts and pathogens. The rust pathogen Melampsora lini infects two ecotypes of its host plant Linum marginale that occur in close proximity yet in distinct populations and habitats. In this study, we found that within-population epidemics were different between the two habitats. We then tested for pathogen local adaptation at host population and ecotype level in a reciprocal inoculation study. Even after controlling for the effect of spatial structure on infection outcome, we found strong evidence of pathogen adaptation at the host ecotype level. Moreover, sequence analysis of two pathogen infectivity loci revealed strong genetic differentiation by host ecotype but not by distance. Hence, environmental variation can be a key determinant of pathogen population genetic structure and coevolutionary dynamics and can generate strong asymmetry in infection risks through space.
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0522
PubMed: 24870042
PubMed Central: PMC4071543
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Host ecotype generates evolutionary and epidemiological divergence across a pathogen metapopulation.</title><author><name sortKey="Laine, Anna Liisa" sort="Laine, Anna Liisa" uniqKey="Laine A" first="Anna-Liisa" last="Laine">Anna-Liisa Laine</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, Helsinki 00014, Finland anna-liisa.laine@helsinki.fi.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, Helsinki 00014</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burdon, Jeremy J" sort="Burdon, Jeremy J" uniqKey="Burdon J" first="Jeremy J" last="Burdon">Jeremy J. Burdon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Australian Capital Territory 2601</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nemri, Adnane" sort="Nemri, Adnane" uniqKey="Nemri A" first="Adnane" last="Nemri">Adnane Nemri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Australian Capital Territory 2601</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thrall, Peter H" sort="Thrall, Peter H" uniqKey="Thrall P" first="Peter H" last="Thrall">Peter H. Thrall</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Australian Capital Territory 2601</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:24870042</idno><idno type="pmid">24870042</idno><idno type="doi">10.1098/rspb.2014.0522</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC4071543</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000077</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000077</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000077</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000077</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000077</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Host ecotype generates evolutionary and epidemiological divergence across a pathogen metapopulation.</title><author><name sortKey="Laine, Anna Liisa" sort="Laine, Anna Liisa" uniqKey="Laine A" first="Anna-Liisa" last="Laine">Anna-Liisa Laine</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, Helsinki 00014, Finland anna-liisa.laine@helsinki.fi.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, Helsinki 00014</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burdon, Jeremy J" sort="Burdon, Jeremy J" uniqKey="Burdon J" first="Jeremy J" last="Burdon">Jeremy J. Burdon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Australian Capital Territory 2601</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nemri, Adnane" sort="Nemri, Adnane" uniqKey="Nemri A" first="Adnane" last="Nemri">Adnane Nemri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Australian Capital Territory 2601</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thrall, Peter H" sort="Thrall, Peter H" uniqKey="Thrall P" first="Peter H" last="Thrall">Peter H. Thrall</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Australian Capital Territory 2601</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings. Biological sciences</title><idno type="eISSN">1471-2954</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adaptation, Biological (MeSH)</term><term>Basidiomycota (genetics)</term><term>Basidiomycota (physiology)</term><term>Ecosystem (MeSH)</term><term>Ecotype (MeSH)</term><term>Evolution, Molecular (MeSH)</term><term>Flax (genetics)</term><term>Flax (microbiology)</term><term>Genetic Variation (MeSH)</term><term>Host-Pathogen Interactions (MeSH)</term><term>New South Wales (MeSH)</term><term>Plant Diseases (genetics)</term><term>Plant Diseases (microbiology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adaptation biologique (MeSH)</term><term>Basidiomycota (génétique)</term><term>Basidiomycota (physiologie)</term><term>Interactions hôte-pathogène (MeSH)</term><term>Lin (génétique)</term><term>Lin (microbiologie)</term><term>Maladies des plantes (génétique)</term><term>Maladies des plantes (microbiologie)</term><term>Nouvelle-Galles du Sud (MeSH)</term><term>Variation génétique (MeSH)</term><term>Écosystème (MeSH)</term><term>Écotype (MeSH)</term><term>Évolution moléculaire (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>New South Wales</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Basidiomycota</term><term>Flax</term><term>Plant Diseases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Basidiomycota</term><term>Lin</term><term>Maladies des plantes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Lin</term><term>Maladies des plantes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Flax</term><term>Plant Diseases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Basidiomycota</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Basidiomycota</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adaptation, Biological</term><term>Ecosystem</term><term>Ecotype</term><term>Evolution, Molecular</term><term>Genetic Variation</term><term>Host-Pathogen Interactions</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adaptation biologique</term><term>Interactions hôte-pathogène</term><term>Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</term><term>Variation génétique</term><term>Écosystème</term><term>Écotype</term><term>Évolution moléculaire</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The extent and speed at which pathogens adapt to host resistance varies considerably. This presents a challenge for predicting when--and where--pathogen evolution may occur. While gene flow and spatially heterogeneous environments are recognized to be critical for the evolutionary potential of pathogen populations, we lack an understanding of how the two jointly shape coevolutionary trajectories between hosts and pathogens. The rust pathogen Melampsora lini infects two ecotypes of its host plant Linum marginale that occur in close proximity yet in distinct populations and habitats. In this study, we found that within-population epidemics were different between the two habitats. We then tested for pathogen local adaptation at host population and ecotype level in a reciprocal inoculation study. Even after controlling for the effect of spatial structure on infection outcome, we found strong evidence of pathogen adaptation at the host ecotype level. Moreover, sequence analysis of two pathogen infectivity loci revealed strong genetic differentiation by host ecotype but not by distance. Hence, environmental variation can be a key determinant of pathogen population genetic structure and coevolutionary dynamics and can generate strong asymmetry in infection risks through space.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">24870042</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2015</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>20</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2019</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>31</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1471-2954</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>281</Volume><Issue>1787</Issue><PubDate><Year>2014</Year><Month>Jul</Month><Day>22</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Proceedings. Biological sciences</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Proc Biol Sci</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Host ecotype generates evolutionary and epidemiological divergence across a pathogen metapopulation.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1098/rspb.2014.0522</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">20140522</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The extent and speed at which pathogens adapt to host resistance varies considerably. This presents a challenge for predicting when--and where--pathogen evolution may occur. While gene flow and spatially heterogeneous environments are recognized to be critical for the evolutionary potential of pathogen populations, we lack an understanding of how the two jointly shape coevolutionary trajectories between hosts and pathogens. The rust pathogen Melampsora lini infects two ecotypes of its host plant Linum marginale that occur in close proximity yet in distinct populations and habitats. In this study, we found that within-population epidemics were different between the two habitats. We then tested for pathogen local adaptation at host population and ecotype level in a reciprocal inoculation study. Even after controlling for the effect of spatial structure on infection outcome, we found strong evidence of pathogen adaptation at the host ecotype level. Moreover, sequence analysis of two pathogen infectivity loci revealed strong genetic differentiation by host ecotype but not by distance. Hence, environmental variation can be a key determinant of pathogen population genetic structure and coevolutionary dynamics and can generate strong asymmetry in infection risks through space.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Laine</LastName><ForeName>Anna-Liisa</ForeName><Initials>AL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, Helsinki 00014, Finland anna-liisa.laine@helsinki.fi.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Burdon</LastName><ForeName>Jeremy J</ForeName><Initials>JJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nemri</LastName><ForeName>Adnane</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Thrall</LastName><ForeName>Peter H</ForeName><Initials>PH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>5R01 GM074265-01A2</GrantID><Acronym>GM</Acronym><Agency>NIGMS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D052061">Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Proc Biol Sci</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101245157</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0962-8452</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000220" MajorTopicYN="N">Adaptation, Biological</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001487" MajorTopicYN="N">Basidiomycota</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017753" MajorTopicYN="N">Ecosystem</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D060146" MajorTopicYN="Y">Ecotype</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019143" MajorTopicYN="N">Evolution, Molecular</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019597" MajorTopicYN="N">Flax</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="Y">microbiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014644" MajorTopicYN="N">Genetic Variation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D054884" MajorTopicYN="Y">Host-Pathogen Interactions</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009517" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">New South Wales</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010935" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Diseases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="Y">microbiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Linum–Melampsora interaction</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">coevolution</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">genotype-by-environment interactions</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">host–parasite interactions</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">local adaptation</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2014</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2014</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2015</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>21</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24870042</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">rspb.2014.0522</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1098/rspb.2014.0522</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC4071543</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Nature. 2002 Jun 13;417(6890):735-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12066183</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2002;40:349-79</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12147764</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Science. 2003 Mar 14;299(5613):1735-7</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12637745</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Evolution. 2005 Jan;59(1):70-80</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15792228</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Evol Biol. 2005 Jul;18(4):930-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16033565</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Evolution. 2006 Jan;60(1):24-30</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16568628</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Proc Biol Sci. 2006 Apr 22;273(1589):1031-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16627290</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Trends Ecol Evol. 2005 Nov;20(11):617-24</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16701445</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Proc Biol Sci. 2006 Jun 22;273(1593):1501-6</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16777744</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2007;45:289-306</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17430087</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2007 Aug;10(4):393-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17658291</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Evol Biol. 2007 Nov;20(6):2371-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17956398</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Am Nat. 2008 Mar;171(3):275-90</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18205532</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nature. 2008 Feb 21;451(7181):990-3</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18288193</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Evol Biol. 2008 Sep;21(5):1418-27</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18557795</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Mol Ecol. 2008 Jul;17(14):3401-15</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18573166</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Trends Ecol Evol. 2008 Dec;23(12):678-85</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18947899</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Trends Parasitol. 2009 May;25(5):236-44</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19356982</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):755-6</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19423818</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Exp Bot. 2009;60(11):2957-70</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19528527</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Mol Biol Evol. 2009 Nov;26(11):2499-513</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19633228</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Am Nat. 2009 Feb;173(2):212-24</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">20374141</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Evolution. 2011 Jan;65(1):79-89</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">20731716</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Evolution. 2011 Feb;65(2):512-22</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21029078</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Ecol. 2011 Jan;99(1):96-112</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21243068</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Am Nat. 2011 Feb;177(2):188-201</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21460555</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Am Nat. 2011 Apr;177(4):510-21</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21460572</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>BMC Evol Biol. 2011 Nov 01;11:319</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22044632</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Am Nat. 2012 Feb;179(2):270-81</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22218315</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Ecol Lett. 2012 May;15(5):425-35</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22372578</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e41366</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22859978</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Ecol Lett. 2013 Sep;16(9):1195-205</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23848550</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Evolution. 2013 Nov;67(11):3290-304</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24152008</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Oecologia. 1999 Nov;121(3):339-347</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28308322</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Evolution. 1991 Feb;45(1):205-217</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28564067</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Evolution. 1991 Nov;45(7):1618-1627</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28564135</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Evolution. 1999 Jun;53(3):704-716</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28565630</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Am Nat. 1999 May;153(S5):S75-S91</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29578779</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nature. 1979 Aug 2;280(5721):361-7</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">460412</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>Finlande</li></country><region><li>Uusimaa</li></region><settlement><li>Helsinki</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Helsinki</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Finlande"><region name="Uusimaa"><name sortKey="Laine, Anna Liisa" sort="Laine, Anna Liisa" uniqKey="Laine A" first="Anna-Liisa" last="Laine">Anna-Liisa Laine</name></region></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Burdon, Jeremy J" sort="Burdon, Jeremy J" uniqKey="Burdon J" first="Jeremy J" last="Burdon">Jeremy J. Burdon</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Nemri, Adnane" sort="Nemri, Adnane" uniqKey="Nemri A" first="Adnane" last="Nemri">Adnane Nemri</name><name sortKey="Thrall, Peter H" sort="Thrall, Peter H" uniqKey="Thrall P" first="Peter H" last="Thrall">Peter H. Thrall</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Bois/explor/MelampsoraV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000074 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000074 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Bois
|area= MelampsoraV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:24870042
|texte= Host ecotype generates evolutionary and epidemiological divergence across a pathogen metapopulation.
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:24870042" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a MelampsoraV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.37. |  |